ICD
“International classification of diseases”. There was a book about the impact of classification systems and the fact that such systems are not free of social and political frames.
Standard vocabularies for health records
Currently ICD-10 is in use.
Relationships with other systems
MeSH
ICD-10 codes diseases for clinical/epidemiological use, while MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) indexes topics (including diseases) for literature.
There exists Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) Metathesaurus that provides a crosswalk.
Some Global health studies used the mapping to study the gap between research and needs. See Evans2014attention and Yegros-Yegros2020exploring.