Medical racism

Racism, Racial inequality in the United States, Trauma informed care

Hoffman2016racial reports that many doctors have false (medical) beliefs about black people’s pain sensation.

Nuriddin2020reckoning talks about historical contexts of medical racism and violence.

This history, especially in the US, is an important factor to understand Vaccine hesitancy in the US during the COVID 19 pandemic. See The Case for Medical Mistrust: Racism as Violence and the Importance of Trauma Informed Care by Rachel Lee Carey.