The logic of monsters: Evidence for internal constraint in development and evolution

These two conceptual positions, wich I refer to as “externalist” and “internalist”, prescribe drastically distinct methodological approaches. Classical neo-Darwinism falls within the “externalist” tradition, with its emphasis in natural selection as the main ordering agent in evolution, this approach basically argues that the properties of the physical ant biotic environment determine the selective pressures and consequently dictate which form will be selected over others. Therefore, the discreteness and order of natural diversity is a direct reflection of the topography of the adaptative landscape. The internalist approach attributes some of the order observed in nature as the result of the emergent properties of generative rules.

Evolution