Living on the Edge: Neighborhood Boundaries and the Spatial Dynamics of Violent Crime

• https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13524-018-0708-1

The first mechanism builds on social disorganization theory and the concept of collective efficacy (Sampson & Groves 1989; Sampson, Raudenbush, & Earls n.d.; Sampson 2012).

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Second, intergroup competition, group threat and defended neighborhoods theories might explain the relevance of boundaries for crime and other outcomes (Blumer 1958; Blalock 1967; Olzak 1994; Suttles 1972). …

There was a paper from Yaneer Bar-Yam on conflicts (published in Science): Lim2007global