Patent
Tools
Gender bias
Scientific knowledge and patents
How do patents use scientific knowledge?
Ahmadpoor2017dual analyzes the hop distance by looking at the citations to science. Mathematics takes more steps to be cited by patents (i.e., a paper in mathematics tends to create a citation chain before reaching a patent in the citation network).
Impact of patents
Martin Watzinger showed that the patents closer to science (based on citation) have a higher market value (need to track down the paper).